Android手机拍照或从本地相册选取图片设置头像-高版本适配

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问题点

Android 7.0

新增FileProvider

参考链接

图片裁减需要的临时权限

intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);

Android 10

Unable to open '/storage/emulated/0/: Permission denied

可以添加requestLegacyExternalStorage解决

<application
    android:name=".application.MyApplication"
    android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
>

Android 11

需要通过MediaStore API 插入file

Android 13

打开相册不再是READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE而是 READ_MEDIA_IMAGES权限

android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES

根据Uri获取文件绝对路径，解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换兼容Android 10

package portrait.bala.portrait;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.FileUtils;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.provider.OpenableColumns;
import android.text.TextUtils;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/7/12 0012.
 */

public class FileUtil {

    /**
     * 根据Uri获取文件绝对路径，解决Android4.4以上版本Uri转换 兼容Android 10
     *
     * @param context
     * @param imageUri
     */
    public static String getFileAbsolutePath(Context context, Uri imageUri) {
        if (context == null || imageUri == null) {
            return null;
        }

        //4.4以下的版本
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
            return getRealFilePath(context, imageUri);
        }

        //大于4.4，小于10
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, imageUri)) {

            if (isExternalStorageDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            } else if (isDownloadsDocument(imageUri)) {
                String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads" +
                        "/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            } else if (isMediaDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
                String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        }

        // MediaStore (and general)  大于等于10
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            return uriToFileApiQ(context, imageUri);
        } else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri)) {
                return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
            }
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
                return getFilePathFromUri(context, imageUri); //content 类型
            } else {
                return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
            }
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            return imageUri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                        String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
        String[] projection = {column};
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs
                    , null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        }catch (Exception E){
            E.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if (cursor != null) {
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static String getRealFilePath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
        if (null == uri) {
            return null;
        }
        final String scheme = uri.getScheme();
        String data = null;
        if (scheme == null) {
            data = uri.getPath();
        } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(scheme)) {
            data = uri.getPath();
        } else if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) {
            String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA};
            Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
            if (null != cursor) {
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    int index = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
                    if (index > -1) {
                        data = cursor.getString(index);
                    }
                }
                cursor.close();
            }
        }
        return data;
    }

    private static String getFilePathFromUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
        String realFilePath = getRealFilePath(context, uri); //防止获取不到真实的地址，因此这里需要进行判断
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(realFilePath)) {
            return realFilePath;
        }
        File filesDir = context.getApplicationContext().getFilesDir();
        String fileName = getFileName(uri);
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
            File copyFile1 = new File(filesDir + File.separator + fileName);
            copyFile(context, uri, copyFile1);
            return copyFile1.getAbsolutePath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static void copyFile(Context context, Uri srcUri, File dstFile) {
        try {
            InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(srcUri);
            if (inputStream == null) {
                return;
            }
            OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(dstFile);
            copyStream(inputStream, outputStream);
            inputStream.close();
            outputStream.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static int copyStream(InputStream input, OutputStream output) {
        final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 2;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
        BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(input, BUFFER_SIZE);
        BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(output, BUFFER_SIZE);
        int count = 0, n = 0;
        try {
            while ((n = in.read(buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE)) != -1) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, n);
                count += n;
            }
            out.flush();
        } catch (Exception e) {
        } finally {
            try {
                out.close();
                in.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    private static String getFileName(Uri uri) {
        if (uri == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String fileName = null;
        String path = uri.getPath();
        int cut = path.lastIndexOf('/');
        if (cut != -1) {
            fileName = path.substring(cut + 1);
        }
        return fileName;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    private static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * Android 10 以上适配
     *
     * @param context
     * @param uri
     * @return
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
    private static String uriToFileApiQ(Context context, Uri uri) {
        File file = null;
        //android10以上转换
        if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE)) {
            file = new File(uri.getPath());
        } else if (uri.getScheme().equals(ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
            //把文件复制到沙盒目录
            ContentResolver contentResolver = context.getContentResolver();
            Cursor cursor = contentResolver.query(uri, null, null, null, null);
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                @SuppressLint("Range") String displayName =
                        cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME));
                try {
                    InputStream is = contentResolver.openInputStream(uri);
                    File file1 =
                            new File(context.getExternalCacheDir().getAbsolutePath() + "/" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                    if (!file1.exists()) {
                        file1.mkdir();
                    }
                    File cache = new File(file1.getPath(), displayName);
                    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(cache);
                    FileUtils.copy(is, fos);
                    file = cache;
                    fos.close();
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return file.getAbsolutePath();
    }

    /**
     * 获取目录文件大小
     *
     * @param dir
     * @return
     */
    public static long getDirSize(File dir) {
        if (dir == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
            return 0;
        }
        long dirSize = 0;
        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
        for (File file : files) {
            if (file.isFile()) {
                dirSize += file.length();
            } else if (file.isDirectory()) {
                dirSize += file.length();
                dirSize += getDirSize(file); // 递归调用继续统计
            }
        }
        return dirSize;
    }

    /**
     * 转换文件大小
     *
     * @param fileS
     * @return B/KB/MB/GB
     */
    public static String formatFileSize(long fileS) {
        java.text.DecimalFormat df = new java.text.DecimalFormat("#.00");
        String fileSizeString = "";
        if (fileS < 1024) {
            fileSizeString = df.format((double) fileS) + "B";
        } else if (fileS < 1048576) {
            fileSizeString = df.format((double) fileS / 1024) + "KB";
        } else if (fileS < 1073741824) {
            fileSizeString = df.format((double) fileS / 1048576) + "MB";
        } else {
            fileSizeString = df.format((double) fileS / 1073741824) + "G";
        }
        return fileSizeString;
    }

    public static File saveFile(String filePath,String fileName, Bitmap bitmap){
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos =new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100,baos);
        byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
        try {
            File file = new File(filePath, fileName);
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
            fos.write(bytes);
            fos.close();
            return file;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }

    }
}

完整代码

package portrait.bala.portrait;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;

import java.io.File;

import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity;
import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher;
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;

import static android.os.Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES;

public class MainActivity extends ComponentActivity {

    //改变头像的标记位
    private ImageView headImage = null;

    private final int PERMISSION_CAMERA = 0;//读和相机权限
    private final int PERMISSION_READ = 1;//读取权限

    private final String picPermission = PermissionUtil.getReadImgPermission();
    private Uri fileUri;
    private boolean isToCrop = true;

    private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> cropLauncher;
    private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> takePhotoLauncher;
    private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> albumLauncher;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        headImage = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
        Button buttonLocal = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonLocal);
        buttonLocal.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                checkPicPermission();
            }
        });

        Button buttonCamera = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonCamera);
        buttonCamera.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                checkCameraPermission();//检查是否有权限
            }
        });
        cropLauncher =
                registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(), result -> {
                    if (result.getResultCode() != Activity.RESULT_OK) return;
                    setImageToHeadView(result.getData().getData());
                });
        albumLauncher =
                registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(), result -> {
                    if (result.getResultCode() != Activity.RESULT_OK) return;
                    try {
                        if (isToCrop) {
                            cropRawPhoto(result.getData().getData());
                        } else {
                            setImageToHeadView(result.getData().getData());
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }

                });
        takePhotoLauncher =
                registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult(), result -> {
                    if (result.getResultCode() != Activity.RESULT_OK) return;
                    try {
                        if (isToCrop) {
                            cropRawPhoto(fileUri);
                        } else {
                            setImageToHeadView(fileUri);
                        }
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
    }

    // 从本地相册选取图片作为头像
    private void choseHeadImageFromGallery() {
        Intent intentFromGallery = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, null);
        intentFromGallery.setDataAndType(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "image/*");
//        startActivityForResult(intentFromGallery, CODE_GALLERY_REQUEST);
        albumLauncher.launch(intentFromGallery);
    }

    // 启动手机相机拍摄照片作为头像
    private void choseHeadImageFromCameraCapture() {
        File file = buildTemporaryFile();
        Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {  //如果是7.0以上，使用FileProvider，否则会报错
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
            fileUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(this,
                    getPackageName() + ".fileProvider", file);
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri); //设置拍照后图片保存的位置
        }
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString()); //设置图片保存的格式
        takePhotoLauncher.launch(intent);
    }

    private void checkCameraPermission() {
        int result = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
        if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
            String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA};
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_CAMERA);
        } else {
            choseHeadImageFromCameraCapture();
        }
    }

    private void checkPicPermission() {
        int permission = ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, picPermission);
        if (permission == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
            String[] permissions = {picPermission};
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, PERMISSION_READ);
        } else {
            choseHeadImageFromGallery();
        }
    }

    //权限申请回调
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        switch (requestCode) {
            case PERMISSION_CAMERA:
                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    choseHeadImageFromCameraCapture();
                }
                break;
            case PERMISSION_READ:
                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    choseHeadImageFromGallery();
                }
                break;
        }

    }

    /**
     * 裁剪原始的图片
     */
    public void cropRawPhoto(Uri uri) {
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
        intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);  //X方向上的比例
        intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);  //Y方向上的比例
        intent.putExtra("outputX", 500); //裁剪区的宽
        intent.putExtra("outputY", 500);//裁剪区的高
        intent.putExtra("scale ", true); //是否保留比例
        intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
        intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");

        // 7.0 使用 FileProvider 并赋予临时权限
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
        }
        File temporaryFile = buildTemporaryFile();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R) {
            createCropImageFile();
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri);
        } else {
            intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, fileUri = Uri.fromFile(temporaryFile));      //设置输出
        }
        cropLauncher.launch(intent);
    }

    public File buildTemporaryFile() {
        File file;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            file = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                    System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");
        } else {
            file = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), System.currentTimeMillis() + ".jpg");
        }
        return file;
    }

    public void createCropImageFile() {
        try {
            long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
            String fileName = "IMG_" + currentTimeMillis + "_CROP.jpg";
            File imgFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(DIRECTORY_PICTURES) + File.separator + fileName);
            // 通过 MediaStore API 插入file 为了拿到系统裁剪要保存到的uri（因为App没有权限不能访问公共存储空间，需要通过 MediaStore API来操作）
            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA, imgFile.getAbsolutePath());
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
            values.put(MediaStore.Images.Media.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg");
            fileUri = getContentResolver().insert(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 提取保存裁剪之后的图片数据，并设置头像部分的View
     */
    private void setImageToHeadView(Uri uri) {
        try {
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri));
            headImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}